ABOUT JOURNAL
KORELASI ENDAPAN NIKEL LATERIT BERDASARKAN DATA GEOKIMIA DAN PETROGRAFI DI BLOK X PT. Z KABUPATEN MOROWALI UTARA PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH
Abstract
Daerah penelitian masuk ke dalam kompleks batuan ultramafik yang merupakan lokasi potensial terbentuknya endapan nikel laterit. Profil laterit di daerah penelitian terbagi menjadi empat zona, yaitu top soil, limonit, saprolit, dan bedrock. Setiap zona memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda berdasarkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya, seperti sifat fisik yang terlihat di atas permukaan, perbedaan sifat kimia, serta jenis batuan induk. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui korelasi jenis batuan dasar terhadap kadar unsur kimia pada setiap zona laterit. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pengamatan secara langsung di lapangan, analisis petrografi, serta analisis geokimia menggunakan XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) Spectrometry. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan batuan dasar penyusun daerah ini terdiri dari serpentinit dan dunit terserpentinisasi dengan distribusi unsur Ni, Fe, SiO2, dan MgO pada setiap zona yang memperlihatkan pola normal dari sifat kelarutannya, serta termasuk ke dalam morfologi perbukitan yang didominasi oleh kemiringan lereng curam. Korelasi antara jenis batuan dasar dengan kadar unsur menunjukkan bahwa zona saprolit dengan batuan dasar dunit memiliki kadar Ni yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan serpentinit, disebabkan oleh kandungan mineral olivin yang lebih besar pada dunit sebagai mineral pembawa Ni. Selain itu, kondisi morfologi pun turut mempengaruhi ketebalan zona laterit. Zona limonit dan saprolit cenderung menipis pada lereng curam karena pengaruh dari pergerakan air dan tingkat pelapukan. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa jenis batuan dasar dan morfologi saling berinteraksi dalam mengontrol pengayaan unsur Ni pada endapan laterit.
Kata Kunci: Endapan Nikel Laterit; Batuan Dasar; XRF; Petrografi; Korelasi Zona Laterit
ABSTRACT
The research area is a part of the ultramafic rock complex, which represents a potential location for the formation of laterite nickel deposits. The laterite profile in the research area is classified into four zones: topsoil, limonite, saprolite, and bedrock. Each zone has distinct characteristics based on various influencing factors, including physical properties visible on the surface, differences in chemical properties, and the type of parent rock. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between the type of bedrock and the chemical element content in each laterite zone. The methods used include direct observation in the field, petrographic analysis, and geochemical analysis using XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) Spectrometry. The results of the study show that the bedrock in this area consists of serpentinite and serpentinized dunite with the distribution of Ni, Fe, SiO2, and MgO elements in each zone showing a normal pattern of solubility, and included as hilly morphology dominated by steep slopes. The correlation between bedrock type and element content indicates that saprolite zones with dunite as the bedrock have higher Ni content than serpentinite, due to the higher olivine mineral content in dunite as a Ni-carrying mineral. In addition, morphological conditions also affect the thickness of the laterite zone. The limonite and saprolite zones tend to become thinner on steep slopes due to the influence of water movement and weathering rates. This suggests that bedrock type and morphology interact to control Ni enrichment in laterite deposits.
Keywords: Laterite Nickel Deposits; Bedrock; XRF; Petrography; Laterite Zone Correlation
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DOI: 10.33751/teknik.v26i2.13294
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