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The Evolution of Educational Technology during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Literature

Hamim Hamdani

Abstract


This study aims to analyze the evolution of educational technology during the COVID-19 pandemic through a systematic review of global literature published between 2020 and 2023. The pandemic created an unprecedented disruption in traditional education systems, accelerating the adoption of digital learning technologies worldwide. This research examines key trends, challenges, and innovations in educational technology implementation across various learning contexts. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) method, data were collected from reputable databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, focusing on studies related to online learning, digital pedagogy, and educational technology integration. The analysis reveals that the pandemic acted as a catalyst for digital transformation in education, with significant progress in the use of Learning Management Systems (LMS), Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based adaptive learning, Virtual Reality (VR) classrooms, and mobile learning platforms. However, disparities in digital infrastructure, digital literacy, and pedagogical readiness remain major challenges, particularly in developing countries. The findings underscore that the effectiveness of educational technology depends not only on technological innovation but also on institutional support, teacher competence, and equitable access. This study contributes to the global understanding of post-pandemic educational transformation and provides insights for policymakers, educators, and researchers to design sustainable digital learning ecosystems.

Keywords


educational technology; COVID-19 pandemic; online learning; digital transformation

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DOI: 10.33751/jssah.v4i1.9952

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