Phenomenological-Communicative Review of OnlyFans Normalization on Twitter Media

Nazil Mumtaz Al-Mujtahid, Zainun Zainun, Erwan Efendi

Abstract


This thesis aims to analyze and explore the communication phenomena related to the normalization of OnlyFans on Twitter. The dynamics of pornography on social media are a concerning issue. The emergence of several platforms has led to an escalation of pornography content accessible to the public. Moreover, pornography has become more intimate and personal with the advent of OnlyFans as a new type of transactional pornography on social media. The urgency of this research is to examine the OnlyFans normalization phenomenon using a communication perspective. This study employs a qualitative method with a field study approach. The research paradigm is critical with a media analysis context. The primary data source in this study are millions of Twitter user tweets indicating OnlyFans escalation, while the secondary data used are expert opinions, regulations, scientific articles, and books supporting the research. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, documentation, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The collected data will then be analyzed using Miles and Huberman's techniques, which include data collection, data reduction, and conclusion drawing. Data validity testing is performed using triangulation techniques. The research findings show that the escalation of OnlyFans on Twitter has seen significant growth. In Indonesia, Twitter is used only for promotion by OnlyFans creators. Cumulatively, the sentiment that emerges tends to be neutral towards the presence of OnlyFans. However, this sentiment is not absolute as it brings concerns, such as: 1) Digital transformation of desires, 2) Shadow industry, 3) Risk of exploitation, 4) Pandora's box of desires, and 5) Social values. The dynamics of OnlyFans in Indonesia have spurred active discussions, sentiments, perceptions, promotions, ethics, and social norms. The communication phenomena arising from OnlyFans in this study include: 1) Democratization of pornography, 2) Destigmatization of sexuality, 3) Personalization of pornography, 4) Influence of social media, and 5) Debates and regulations. These phenomena can be mitigated through collective intelligence-based digital campaigns

Keywords


phenomenon; communication; normalization; onlyfans; Twitter

References


P. J. Wright, B. Paul, and D. Herbenick, “Preliminary Insights from a U.S. Probability Sample on Adolescents’ Pornography Exposure, Media Psychology, and Sexual Aggression,” J. Health Commun., vol. 26, no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.1080/10810730.2021.1887980.

Suara Surabaya, “Lebih dari 60 Persen Anak Mengakses Konten Pornografi Melalui Media Online,” 2021. https://www.suarasurabaya.net/kelanakota/2021/lebih-dari-60-persen-anak-mengakses-konten-pornografi-melalui-media-online/

A. Jones, “Cumming to a screen near you: transmasculine and non-binary people in the camming industry,” Porn Stud., vol. 8, no. 2, 2021, doi: 10.1080/23268743.2020.1757498.

M. Velez, “‘Why Take the Photo if You Didn’t Want It Online?’: Agency, Transformation, and Nonconsensual Pornography,” Women’s Stud. Commun., vol. 42, no. 4, 2019, doi: 10.1080/07491409.2019.1676350.

Kompas, “Mengenal Apa Itu OnlyFans, Cara Kerja dan Besar Uang yang Dihasilkan,” 2022. https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2022/03/26/100000165/mengenal-apa-itu-onlyfans-cara-kerja-dan-besar-uang-yang-dihasilkan?page=all

K. Litsou and P. Byron, “Identifying the challenges of interdisciplinary research on pornography use,” Cult. Heal. Sex., vol. 22, no. 5, 2020, doi: 10.1080/13691058.2019.1617898.

M. Waltman, “Rethinking democracy: Legal challenges to pornography and sex inequality in canada and the united states,” Polit. Res. Q., vol. 63, no. 1, 2010, doi: 10.1177/1065912909349627.

D. Speed, J. MacDonald, A. Parks, H. Doucette, and K. Munagapati, “Pornography Consumption and Attitudes Towards Pornography Legality Predict Attitudes of Sexual Equality,” J. Sex Res., vol. 58, no. 3, 2021, doi: 10.1080/00224499.2020.1864263.

T. Brok, “You Can See Me Naked (After the Paywall): How OnlyFans Transforms the Online Sex Industry,” Masters of Media, no. Deuze 24, 2020.

B. Bak and R. R. Nocella, “Unveiling copyright law double bind through pragmatist feminism: adult content creators as authors,” Porn Stud., 2023, doi: 10.1080/23268743.2023.2225531.

G. Easterbrook-Smith, “OnlyFans as gig-economy work: a nexus of precarity and stigma,” Porn Stud., vol. 10, no. 3, 2023, doi: 10.1080/23268743.2022.2096682.

R. Bonifacio and D. Y. Wohn, “Digital patronage platforms,” 2020. doi: 10.1145/3406865.3418332.

N. Lawlor, C. E. Leistner, and M. Lippmann, “OnlyFans: Content Creators’ Perceptions of Potential Bans of Sexually Explicit Content,” Sex. Res. Soc. Policy, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s13178-023-00841-z.

S. Sanchez, “The World’s Oldest Profession Gets a Makeover: Sex Work, OnlyFans, and Celebrity Participation,” Women Lead. Chang. Case Stud. Women, Gender, Fem., vol. 6, no. 1, 2022.

Y. J. González Ramírez, “Onlyfans, el sexo en la época de su reproductibilidad técnica,” TRIM. Tordesillas, Rev. Investig. Multidiscip., no. 20–21, 2022, doi: 10.24197/trim.20-21.2021.91-99.

L. Rouse and A. Salter, “Cosplay on Demand? Instagram, OnlyFans, and the Gendered Fantrepreneur,” Soc. Media Soc., vol. 7, no. 3, 2021, doi: 10.1177/20563051211042397.

V. Karasavva and A. Noorbhai, “The Real Threat of Deepfake Pornography: A Review of Canadian Policy,” Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, vol. 24, no. 3. 2021. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2020.0272.

V. Cervigón-Carrasco et al., “Attentional inhibitory control interference related to videogames, pornography, and TV series exposure: An experimental study in three independent samples,” Comput. Human Behav., vol. 143, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107683.

V. Hamilton, A. Soneji, A. McDonald, and E. M. Redmiles, “‘Nudes? Shouldn’t I charge for these?’: Motivations of New Sexual Content Creators on OnlyFans,” 2023. doi: 10.1145/3544548.3580730.

P. Vallina, I. Castro, and G. Tyson, “Cashing in on Contacts: Characterizing the OnlyFans Ecosystem,” 2023. doi: 10.1145/3543507.3583210.

V. Rubattu, A. Perdion, and B. Brooks-Gordon, “‘Cam Girls and Adult Performers Are Enjoying a Boom in Business’: The Reportage on the Pandemic Impact on Virtual Sex Work,” Soc. Sci., vol. 12, no. 2, 2023, doi: 10.3390/socsci12020062.

J. Bernstein, “How OnlyFans Changed Sex Work Forever,” The New York Times, 2019.

N. Nurhidayah, U. Halwati, and N. Nawawi, “Kasus Pornografi di Media Online (Analisis Framing terhadap Pemberitaan Dea OnlyFans),” Al Qalam J. Ilm. Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan, vol. 17, no. 1, 2023, doi: 10.35931/aq.v17i1.1796.

B. Czarniawska, Social Science Research: From Field to Desk. 2022. doi: 10.4135/9781529799613.

E. N. Rudzki et al., “A guide for developing a field research safety manual that explicitly considers risks for marginalized identities in the sciences,” Methods Ecol. Evol., vol. 13, no. 11, 2022, doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.13970.

E. Weyant, “Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 5th Edition,” J. Electron. Resour. Med. Libr., vol. 19, no. 1–2, 2022, doi: 10.1080/15424065.2022.2046231.

Y. S. Lincoln and E. G. Guba, The Constructivist Credo. 2016. doi: 10.4324/9781315418810.

J. W. Creswell, Penelitian Kualitatif & Desain Riset : Memilih di Antara Lima Pendekatan. 2020.

M. B. Miles and A. M. Huberman, Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook, vol. 30, no. 25. 2016.

U. Flick, Doing Triangulation and Mixed Methods. 2020. doi: 10.4135/9781529716634.

M. Arenas, P. Nair, R. Rabbany, and G. Farnadi, “Social Media as a Vector for Escort Ads:A Study on OnlyFans advertisements on Twitter,” 2023. doi: 10.1145/3578503.3583609.

N. Sommet and J. Berent, “Porn use and men’s and women’s sexual performance: Evidence from a large longitudinal sample,” Psychol. Med., vol. 53, no. 7, 2023, doi: 10.1017/S003329172100516X.

N. Gupta and E. Greene, “Hot Girls Wanted and the Ethics of Critiquing Agency in Amateur Porn,” J. Humanist. Psychol., vol. 62, no. 6, 2022, doi: 10.1177/00221678211009077.

J. R. Saura, D. Palacios-Marqués, and D. Ribeiro-Soriano, “Exploring the boundaries of open innovation: Evidence from social media mining,” Technovation, vol. 119, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102447.

S. Salawu, J. Lumsden, and Y. He, “A Large-Scale English Multi-Label Twitter Dataset for Online Abuse Detection,” 2021.

B. E. Turvey, “Deconstructing Sexual Deviance,” in Criminal Profiling: An Introduction to Behavioral Evidence Analysis, 2022. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-815583-7.00009-5.

V. Gadiraju et al., “‘I wouldn’t say offensive but⋯’: Disability-Centered Perspectives on Large Language Models,” 2023. doi: 10.1145/3593013.3593989.

E. Harbinja, L. Edwards, and M. McVey, “Governing ghostbots,” Comput. Law Secur. Rev., vol. 48, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.clsr.2023.105791.

J. H. Lipschultz, Social Media Law and Ethics. 2021. doi: 10.4324/9781003021018.

P. Finnerty, “His porn, her pain: confronting America’s porn panic with honest talk about sex,” Porn Stud., vol. 6, no. 4, 2019, doi: 10.1080/23268743.2016.1272825.

S. Setyaningsih and Y. Suchyadi, “Implementation of Principal Academic Supervision To Improve Teacher Performance in North Bogor,” Jhss (Journal Humanit. Soc. Stud., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 179–183, 2021, doi: 10.33751/jhss.v5i2.3909.

Y. Suchyadi and Nurjanah, “Relationship between Principal Supervision in Increasing the Job Satisfaction of Private Junior High School Teachers in East Bogor District,” JHSS (Journal Humanit. Soc. Stud., vol. 02, no. 01, pp. 26–29, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v2i1.818.

Y. Suchyadi, “Relationship between Work Motivation and Organizational Culture in Enhancing Professional Attitudes of Pakuan University Lecturers,” JHSS (JOURNAL Humanit. Soc. Stud., vol. 01, no. 01, pp. 41–45, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v1i1.372.

Y. Suchyadi, N. Karmila, and N. Safitri, “Kepuasan Kerja Guru Ditinjau Dari Peran Supervisi Kepala Sekolah Dasar Negeri Di Kecamatan Bogor Utara,” JPPGuseda | J. Pendidik. Pengajaran Guru Sekol. Dasar, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 91–94, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.33751/jppguseda.v2i2.1453.

R. Purnamasari et al., “Student Center Based Class Management Assistance Through The Implementation Of Digital Learning Models,” J. Community Engagem., vol. 02, no. 02, pp. 41–44, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.33751/jce.v2i2.2801.

Y. Suchyadi and H. Suharyati, “The Use Of Multimedia As An Effort To Improve The Understanding Ability Of Basic School Teachers ‘Creative Thinking In The Era ‘Freedom Of Learning,’” in Merdeka Belajar, A. Rahmat, Ed. Yogyakarta: Zahir Publishing, 2021, pp. 42–53.

Y. Suchyadi et al., “Increasing Personality Competence Of Primary School Teachers, Through Education Supervision Activities In Bogor City,” J. COMMUNITY Engagem., vol. 01, no. 01, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://journal.unpak.ac.id/index.php/jce

Y. Suchyadi et al., “Improving The Ability Of Elementary School Teachers Through The Development Of Competency Based Assessment Instruments In Teacher Working Group , North Bogor City,” J. COMMUNITY Engagem., vol. 02, no. 01, pp. 1–5, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.33751/jce.v2i01.2742.

S. Hardinata, Y. Suchyadi, and D. Wulandari, “Strengthening Technological Literacy In Junior High School Teachers In The Industrial Revolution Era 4.0,” J. Humanit. Soc. Stud., vol. 05, no. 03, pp. 330–335, 2021.

H. Suharyati, H. Laihad, and Y. Suchyadi, “Development of Teacher Creativity Models to Improve Teacher’s Pedagogic Competency in the Educational Era 4.0,” Int. J. Innov. Creat. Chang. www.ijicc.net, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 919–929, 2019, [Online]. Available: www.ijicc.net

Y. Suchyadi, Nurjanah, and N. Karmila, Supervisi Pendidikan: Strategi Meningkatkan Profesionalisme Guru. Bogor: PGSD Universitas Pakuan, 2020.

Suchyadi, Y., & Suryani, A. "Educational Environment In The Implementation Of Character Education". JHSS (Journal Of Humanities And Social Studies), 5(2), 208-212. 2021.

Marwah, H. S., Suchyadi, Y., & Mahajani, T. "Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar Subtema Manusia Dan Benda Di Lingkungannya". Journal of Social Studies Arts and Humanities (JSSAH), 1(1), 42-45. 2021.

Suchyadi, Y., Sunardi, O., Suhardi, E., & Sundari, F. S. "Using a Multimedia for Natural Science Learning in Improving Concept Skills of Elementary School Teachers".

Hardinata, S., Suchyadi, Y., & Wulandari, D. "Model of Strengthening Technology Literacy for Junior High School Teachers in the Era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0."

Suchyadi, Y., Mirawati, M., Anjaswuri, F., & Destiana, D. "Supervisi Akademik Dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi Guru Sekolah Dasar". Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 10(1), 067-074. 2022.

Suchyadi, Y., Nurlela, N., & Indriani, R. S. "Analysis of Student Self-Regulated Learning in an Effort To Increase the Effectiveness of Online Lectures in the Pandemic Period". Jhss (Journal of Humanities and Social Studies), 6(1), 120-125. 2022.

Nurohmah, N., Suchyadi, Y., & Mulyawati, Y. "Pengaruh Gaya Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Di Sd Negeri Sukaharja 01 Kabupaten Bogor". Journal of Social Studies Arts and Humanities (JSSAH), 2(1), 067-070. 2022.

Suchyadi, Y., & Nurjanah, N. "The Influence Of The Implementation Of Educational Supervision By The Principal On Teacher Performance In Schools". Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 10(2), 125-129. 2022.

Suchyadi, Y., Muhajang, T., Indriani, R. S., & Mirawati, M. "Implementation Of Supervision In Improving The Learning Process And Character Education In Elementary Schools". Journal of Social Studies Arts and Humanities (JSSAH), 2(2), 143-146. 2022.

Gunawan, N. D., Suchyadi, Y., & Sumardi, S. "The Effect Of Online Learning On Interest In Learning Mathematics In Elementary Schools". Journal of Social Studies Arts and Humanities (JSSAH), 2(2), 110-113. 2022.

Bagus, S. N., Anwar, W. S., & Suchyadi, Y. "Analisis Bimbingan Belajar Siswa Berkesulitan Membaca". Journal of Social Studies Arts and Humanities (JSSAH), 2(2), 137-142. 2022.

Hikmah, N., Indriani, R. S., Karmila, N., Suchyadi, Y., Harahap, L. P. A., Ainurrahmah, A., & Fardila, I. "Elementary School Students Learning Assistance in The Covid-19 Pandemic Through The Introduction Of The Kipin School 4.0 Application". Journal of Community Engagement (JCE), 5(1), 31-35. 2023.

Suchyadi, Y., Indriani, R. S., & Budiana, S. "The Influence of the Implementation of Principal Supervision on Teacher Work Discipline in the Learning Process". JHSS (Journal Of Humanities And Social Studies), 7(1), 238-242. 2023.

K. Jarrett, “Showing off your best assets: Rethinking commodification in the online creator economy,” Sociol. Lav., no. 163, 2022, doi: 10.3280/SL2022-163005.

P. W. Goldschmidt, Pornography And Democratization: Legislating obscenity in post-communist Russia. 2019. doi: 10.4324/9780429302664.

J. Ward, “Sex Scenes, Television, and Disavowed Sex Work,” Signs (Chic)., vol. 48, no. 2, 2023, doi: 10.1086/722316.

A. Özparlak and D. Karakaya, “The associations of cognitive distortions with internet addiction and internet activities in adolescents: A cross-sectional study,” J. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Nurs., vol. 35, no. 4, 2022, doi: 10.1111/jcap.12385.

A. C. Ehman and A. M. Gross, “Sexual cyberbullying: Review, critique, & future directions,” Aggression and Violent Behavior, vol. 44. 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.avb.2018.11.001.

F. Attwood, C. Smith, and M. Barker, “‘I’m just curious and still exploring myself’: Young people and pornography,” New Media Soc., vol. 20, no. 10, 2018, doi: 10.1177/1461444818759271.

S. H. AO and A. K. Y. Mak, “Regenerative crisis, social media publics and Internet trolling: A cultural discourse approach,” Public Relat. Rev., vol. 47, no. 4, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.pubrev.2021.102072.

T. Väisänen, O. Järv, T. Toivonen, and T. Hiippala, “Mapping urban linguistic diversity with social media and population register data,” Comput. Environ. Urban Syst., vol. 97, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2022.101857.

M. J. Colloff et al., “Adapting transformation and transforming adaptation to climate change using a pathways approach,” Environ. Sci. Policy, vol. 124, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.envsci.2021.06.014.

N. F. G. Evers and P. M. Greenfield, “A model of how shifting intelligence drives social movements,” J. Intell., vol. 9, no. 4, 2021, doi: 10.3390/jintelligence9040062.

G. J. Golan, T. F. Waddell, and M. Barnidge, “Competing Identity Cues in the Hostile Media Phenomenon: Source, Nationalism, and Perceived Bias in News Coverage of Foreign Affairs,” Mass Commun. Soc., vol. 24, no. 5, 2021, doi: 10.1080/15205436.2021.1884263.

S. H. Taylor and M. Choi, “An Initial Conceptualization of Algorithm Responsiveness: Comparing Perceptions of Algorithms Across Social Media Platforms,” Soc. Media Soc., vol. 8, no. 4, 2022, doi: 10.1177/20563051221144322.

D. Frolov, A. Strekalova, and A. Lavrentyeva, “Modeling of Complex Information Processes in the Oversaturated Media Environment (to the article by A.P. Sukhodolov, I.V. Anokhov, V.A. Marenko Informational Impulse-Wave Interaction between the Media and Society),” Theor. Pract. Issues Journal., vol. 8, no. 4, 2019, doi: 10.17150/2308-6203.2019.8(4).844-853.

A. Sukhodolov, I. Anokhov, and V. Marenko, “Information Impulse-Wave Interaction between the Media and Society,” Theor. Pract. Issues Journal., vol. 8, no. 1, 2019, doi: 10.17150/2308-6203.2019.8(1).5-19.


Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.33751/jhss.v8i2.9755

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.