Virtual Ethnography: Digital Activism Against Non-Binary Gender On Social Media Platform X
Abstract
This article analyses digital activism that rejects non-binary gender identities on Social Media Platform X, considering how online activity can reshape social norms and traditional values in Indonesia. This study employs a qualitative methodology with a virtual ethnographic approach to observe and analyse the behaviour and interactions of social media users concerning non-binary gender issues. Data were collected through post analysis and direct observation of user tweets that formed part of ongoing online discussions. The research provides insight into how non-binary narratives are widely rejected. Findings reveal that digital activism opposing non-binary gender identities often relies on narratives rooted in traditional and religious values, reflecting a broader disapproval of non-binary gender recognition. Social media serves as a catalyst for high engagement and further reinforces the polarisation of these views.
Keywords
References
A. P. Alizah, D. A. Nabila, M. A. Sari, and R. A. Haura, “Dilegalkan 18 Jenis Kelamin di Thailand Menyebabkan Maraknya Transgender di Negara Tersebut,” Quo Vadis Pengelolaan Biodiversitas Indones. menuju SDGs 2045, pp. 1085–1092, 2022.
M. L. Mubarok, M. A. Ridlo, and T. Yuliawati, “Konstruksi Pendidikan Gender Dalam Islam : Respon Kasus Non-Biner dan Konsekuensinya Terhadap Bias Gender di SMA Kota Bandung,” vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 53–58, 2024.
F. Zaeni, “Perbedaan Makna Gender dan Jenis Kelamin di Dalam Al-Quran Menurut Nasaruddin Umar,” J. Iman dan Spiritualitas, vol. 2, no. 3, 2022.
I. Katsir, Tafsir al-Quran al-Adzim, 7th ed. Solo: Insan Kamil, 2018.
Hamka, Tafsir al-Azhar, 4th ed. Singapura: Pustaka Nasional, 2012.
H. Sajidah and A. Rasyid, “Resistensi dan negosiasi identitas gender non-biner di tiktok : studi kritis tentang representasi dan konstruksi identitas di Indonesia,” vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 52–61, 2024.
S. Bower-Brown, S. Zadeh, and V. Jadva, “Binary-trans, non-binary and gender-questioning adolescents’ experiences in UK schools,” J. LGBT Youth, vol. 20, no. 1, 2023, doi: 10.1080/19361653.2021.1873215.
K. Hansen and K. Żółtak, “Social Perception of Non-Binary Individuals,” Arch. Sex. Behav., vol. 51, no. 4, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s10508-021-02234-y.
F. Poirier, A. Condat, L. Laufer, O. Rosenblum, and D. Cohen, “Non-binary gender and transgender youth: A literature review,” Neuropsychiatrie de l’Enfance et de l’Adolescence, vol. 67, no. 5–6. 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.neurenf.2018.08.004.
Z. C. Schudson and T. Morgenroth, “Non-binary gender/sex identities,” Current Opinion in Psychology, vol. 48. 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101499.
A. Vijlbrief, S. Saharso, and H. Ghorashi, “Transcending the gender binary: Gender non-binary young adults in Amsterdam,” J. LGBT Youth, vol. 17, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.1080/19361653.2019.1660295.
K. Kontemporer, “Arba : Jurnal Studi Keislaman,” vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 125–148, 2025.
J. W. Creswell and J. D. Creswell, Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches 6th edition - John W. Creswell, J. David Creswell - SAGE. 2022.
M. B. Miles, M. Huberman, and J. Saldana, Qualitative Data Analysis-A Methods Sourcebook -4th edition, vol. 53, no. 9. 2020.
U. Flick, “Revitalising Triangulation for Designing Multi-perspective Qualitative Research,” in The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research Design, 2022. doi: 10.4135/9781529770278.n40.
Z. A. Achmad and R. Ida, “ETNOGRAFI VIRTUAL SEBAGAI TEKNIK PENGUMPULAN DATA DAN METODE PENELITIAN,” J. Soc. Media, vol. 2, no. 2, 2018, doi: 10.26740/jsm.v2n2.p130-145.
D. Kasus, O. Law, and D. Politik, “Analisis etnografi virtual: aktivisme”.
G. Nadila, M. I. Romadhan, M. Fridha, and T. Palupi, “Studi Etnografi Virtual pada Digital Activism #unfollowdayana pada Media Sosial Intagram 1,” SEMAKOM Ser. 2, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 499–505, 2023.
H. Rheingold, “A Slice of Life in My Virtual Community,” in Global Networks, 2018. doi: 10.7551/mitpress/3304.003.0006.
H. Rheingold, “The Next Social Revolution,” Smart Mobs, 2009.
DOI: 10.33751/jhss.v9i2.11982
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
