Improving Teacher Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) through Servant Leadership, Justice and Self-efficacy: Indonesian Teacher Perspective
Abstract
The different roles of teacher behavior or organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) can be a lifesaver for schools. This study aims to find strategies to improve such behaviors. This study uses a quantitative approach with path analysis using SMART PLS. The population and sample of this study were 243 junior high school teachers in Bogor Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The main findings of this study are that improving teacher OCB will be faster and more effective if it is done with improved Servant leadership, self-efficacy, and organizational justice. Strategies to enhance teacher OCB are: strengthening forward-looking insights, committing to teacher progress, building community, increasing self-confidence, building a good perception of the strengths possessed, the virtues of the organization, love for the organization, and improving organizational integrity.
Keywords
References
Abidah, A., Hidaayatullaah, H. N., Simamora, R. M., Fehabutar, D., & Mutakinati, L. (2020). The Impact of Covid-19 to Indonesian Education and Its Relation to the Philosophy of Merdeka Belajar.†Studies in Philosophy of Science and Education, 1(1), 3849. https://doi.org/10.46627/sipose.v1i1.9
Ahmad, -, & Doli Nasution, M. (2017). Approaches to School Supervision in Indonesian Context. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), 109(Aecon), 69. https://doi.org/10.2991/aecon-17.2017.2
Ahmed, E. I. (2021). Teacher empowerment and organisational citizenship behaviour in public schools in Saudi Arabia. Management in Education. https://doi.org/10.1177/08920206211030929
Al-Mahdy, Y. F. H., Emam, M., & Hassan, T. (2021). Workplace spirituality and organizational citizenship behavior among teachers in bahrain: commitment as a mediator. Journal of Beliefs and Values, 00(00), 119. https://doi.org/10.1080/13617672.2021.1957601
Aldhuwayhi, S., Mallineni, S. K., Sakhamuri, S., Thakare, A. A., Mallineni, S., Sajja, R., Sethi, M., Nettam, V., & Mohammad, A. M. (2021). Covid-19 knowledge and perceptions among dental specialists: A cross-sectional online questionnaire survey. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 14(May), 28512861. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S306880
Anfajaya, M. A., & Rahayu, A. (2020). The Role of Self-Efficacy in Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 395(Acpch 2019), 108111. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200120.024
Chaim, O., & Chaim, O. (2018). Insertion of sustainability performance indicators in an industry 4 . 0 virtual performance learning environment Insertion of sustainability indicators in an industry 4 . 0 virtual learning environment Costing models for capacity optimization in Industry . Procedia Manufacturing, 21(2017), 446453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.02.143
Chakrabartty, S. N. (2019). Scoring and Analysis of Likert Scale: Few Approaches. Journal of Knowledge Management and Information Technology, 1(2), 3144.
Chamorro-Atalaya, O., Morales-Romero, G., Trinidad-Loli, N., Caycho-Salas, B., Gamarra-Mendoza, S., & León-Velarde, C. (2021). Evaluation of Teaching Performance in the Virtual Teaching-Learning Environment, from the Perspective of the Students of the Professional School of Mechanical Engineering. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 16(15), 244252. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i15.23091
Chasanah, U., Suyanto, M., & Istanto, Y. (2021). Internal marketing in its influence on organizational commitment: The mediation of job satisfaction and organizational justice. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 18, 712731. https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.70
Choong, Y. O., Ng, L. P., Ai Na, S., & Tan, C. E. (2020). The role of teachers self-efficacy between trust and organisational citizenship behaviour among secondary school teachers. Personnel Review, 49(3), 864886. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-10-2018-0434
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. In Educational Research. Pearson.
Debets, M. P. M., Scheepers, R. A., Boerebach, B. C. M., Arah, O. A., & Lombarts, K. M. J. M. H. (2020). Variability of residents ratings of facultys teaching performance measured by five- And seven-point response scales. BMC Medical Education, 20(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02244-9
Dewanti, M. C., & Moko, W. (2020). The Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior ( OCB ) and Organizational Commitments in Media- tion between Competence with Honorer Teacher Performance ( Study at State Middle School in Kediri City ). International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 9(5), 15821588.
Emerson, R. W. (2017). Likert Scales. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 111(5), 488488. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482x1711100511
Fatima, T., Majeed, M., Jahanzeb, S., Gul, S., & Irshad, M. (2021). Servant Leadership and Machiavellian Followers: A Moderated Mediation Model. Revista de Psicologia Del Trabajo y de Las Organizaciones, 37(3), 215229. https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2021a19
Ghasemy, M., Akbarzadeh, M., & Gaskin, J. E. (2022). Being satisfied and serving communities as outcomes of servant leadership in the academic context: policies based on a multi-level structural equation model. Asia Pacific Education Review, 23(1), 6986. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-021-09702-z
Gnanarajan, A. H., Kengatharan, N., & Velnampy, T. (2020). Exploring the prevalence of teachers organizational citizenship behaviour and its determinants: Evidence from an under-researched cultural milieu. Qualitative Research in Education, 9(1), 95123. https://doi.org/10.17583/qre.2020.4531
Guillén-Gámez, F. D., Mayorga-Fernández, M. J., & Contreras-Rosado, J. A. (2021). Validity and reliability of an instrument to evaluate the digital competence of teachers in relation to online tutorials in the stages of early childhood education and primary education. Revista de Educación a Distancia, 21(67). https://doi.org/10.6018/RED.474981
Hair, J., Hult, G. T., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). In Sage.
Hamzah, M. I. M., Rani, N. S. A., & Matore, M. E. E. M. (2021). Change management indicators and their applications in strengthening the process and learning organization levels. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(24), 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413988
Hana, Y., Tau, A., Sae, M., Ikhsan, M. A., Nur, T., Thoriquttyas, T., & Khoirul, F. (2021). The new identity of Indonesian Islamic boarding schools in the new normal †: the education leadership response to COVID-19. Heliyon, 7(November 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06549
Harjanto, I., Lie, A., Wihardini, D., Pryor, L., & Wilson, M. (2018). Community-based teacher professional development in remote areas in Indonesia. Journal of Education for Teaching, 44(2), 212231. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2017.1415515
Hassani, E., Gelard, P., Sharifzadeh, F., & Azad, N. (2022). The Impact of Learning Organizations on Employee Performance with an Emphasis on Network Communication Approach. Education in the Knowledge Society, 23, 115. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks.26817
Hidayat, R., Hardhienata, S., Patras, Y. E., & Agustin, R. R. (2020). The effects of situational leadership and self-efficacy on the improvement of teachers work productivity using correlation analysis and SITOREM. COUNS-EDU :The International Journal of Counseling and Education, 5(1), 614.
Idris, AS, N., Soetjipto, B. E., & Supriyanto, A. S. (2021). Predicting factors of organizational citizenship behavior in Indonesian nurses. Heliyon, 7(12), e08652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08652
Ilma Nafia, Z., & Suyatno, S. (2020). The effect of teachers leadership on students motivation in al-Islam Tambakbayan elementary school. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(5), 19071915. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080527
Ismail, S., Omar, Z., Ismail, I. A., Alias, S. N., & Rami, A. A. M. (2021). Item Generation Stage: Teachers Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 29(4), 25032523. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.4.23
Ispurwanto, W., Murti, T. R., Yunanto, K. T., Abraham, J., Nainggolan, T., & Nugroho, R. (2021). A performance model of the Indonesian national police: The role of communication apprehension, servant leadership, group cohesiveness, and silence behavior. Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 9(4), 326340. https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.73.2021.94.326.340
Jermsittiparsert, K. (2021). Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3946498
Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S., & Pal, D. (2015). Likert Scale: Explored and Explained. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 7(4), 396403. https://doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2015/14975
Kauppila, O. P., Ehrnrooth, M., Mäkelä, K., Smale, A., Sumelius, J., & Vuorenmaa, H. (2022). Serving to Help and Helping to Serve: Using Servant Leadership to Influence Beyond Supervisory Relationships. Journal of Management, 48(3), 764790. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206321994173
Khaola, P., & Rambe, P. (2021). The effects of transformational leadership on organisational citizenship behaviour: the role of organisational justice and affective commitment. Management Research Review, 44(3), 381398. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-07-2019-0323
Kloutsiniotis, P. V., & Mihail, D. M. (2020). The effects of high performance work systems in employees service-oriented OCB. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 90(September 2019), 102610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102610
Langdon Warren, L. (2021). The Importance of Teacher Leadership Skills in the Classroom. Education Journal, 10(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.edu.20211001.12
Lestari, G. D., Izzati, U. A., Adhe, K. R., & Indriani, D. E. (2021). Professional commitment: Its effect on kindergarten teachers organizational citizenship behavior. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 16(4), 20372048. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v16i4.6072
Loehlin, J. C., & Beaujean, A. A. (2016). Latent variable models: An introduction to factor, path, and structural equation analysis, fifth edition. In Latent Variable Models: An Introduction to Factor, Path, and Structural Equation Analysis, Fifth Edition. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315643199
Mahipalan, M., Sheena, & Muhammed, S. (2019). Examining the Role of Workplace Spirituality and Teacher Self-efficacy on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour of Secondary School Teachers: An Indian Scenario. Vision, 23(1), 8090. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262918821241
Mitchell, R. M. (2019). Enabling School Structure & Transformational School Leadership: Promoting Increased Organizational Citizenship and Professional Teacher Behavior. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 18(4), 614627. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2018.1475577
Moghaddam, R. G. (2019). Development of an instrument to measure EFL teachers perceptions of reflective teaching. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 9(1), 219230. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v9i1.12826
Mulyani, H., Meirawan, D., & Rahmadani, A. (2020). Increasing school effectiveness through principals leadership and teachers teaching performance, is it possible? Cakrawala Pendidikan, 39(2), 279292. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v39i2.28864
Nadeak, B. (2020). The effectiveness of distance learning using social media during the pandemic period of covid-19: A case in universitas kristen indonesia. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(7), 17641772. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85085285142&origin=inward
Newman, A., Schwarz, G., Cooper, B., & Sendjaya, S. (2017). How Servant Leadership Influences Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Roles of LMX, Empowerment, and Proactive Personality. Journal of Business Ethics, 145(1), 4962. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2827-6
Ningsih, V. H., & Wijayanti, W. (2019). Teacher Leadership in Building Student Character: Educational Challenges in the 21st Century. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 326(Iccie 2018), 519522. https://doi.org/10.2991/iccie-18.2019.90
Nurabadi, A., Irianto, J., Bafadal, I., Juharyanto, J., Gunawan, I., & Adha, M. A. (2021). THE EFFECT OF INSTRUCTIONAL, TRANSFORMATIONAL AND SPIRITUAL LEADERSHIP ON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS PERFORMANCE AND STUDENTS ACHIEVEMENTS. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 40(1), 1731. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v40i1.35641
Ozberk, K., & Altinay, F. (2019). Opinions of Teachers and School Administrators about Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Disability Services. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 66(6), 551564. https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2019.1642453
Ponsiglione, A. M., Amato, F., Cozzolino, S., Russo, G., Romano, M., & Improta, G. (2022). A Hybrid Analytic Hierarchy Process and Likert Scale Approach for the Quality Assessment of Medical Education Programs. Mathematics, 10(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/math10091426
Rachmah, N., & Putrawan, I. M. (2018). Teachers Leadership and Trust: Its Effect on Teachers Performance. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 8(1), 15. www.ijsrp.org
Shaheen, M., Gupta, R., & Kumar, Y. L. N. (2016). Exploring dimensions of teachers OCB from stakeholders perspective: A study in India. Qualitative Report, 21(6), 10951117. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2016.2357
Smylie, M. A., & Eckert, J. (2018). Beyond superheroes and advocacy: The pathway of teacher leadership development. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 46(4), 556577. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143217694893
Song, Y., Tian, Q. tao, & Kwan, H. K. (2022). Servant leadership and employee voice: a moderated mediation. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 37(1), 114. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-02-2020-0077
Soparidah, Madhakomala, R., & Hanafi, I. (2021). Productive teacher job satisfaction: Disentangling organizational climate, facility management, and organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(4), 13521358. https://doi.org/10.11591/IJERE.V10I4.21299
Tabatabaei, S., & Ghorbi, M. (2014). A Survey on Impact of Dimensions of Learning Organization on Employees Performance. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 3(9), 6678.
Tanjung, B. N., Rahman, Y., Budiyanto, Badawi, Suryana, A. T., Sumar, W. T., Mufid, A., Purwanto, A., & Warto. (2020). The influence of transformational leadership, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior on the performance of Islamic school teachers. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(7), 539546. https://doi.org/10.31838/srp.2020.7.78
Terry, H., Umbase, R. S., Pelealu, A. E., Burdam, Y., & Dasfordate, A. (2020). Teacher Creativity and School Climate. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 226(Icss), 708710. https://doi.org/10.2991/icss-18.2018.143
Tezer, M., Kan, S. G., & Bas, C. (2019). Determination of multi-dimensional self-efficacy beliefs of prospective teachers towards creative drama activities. International Journal of Instruction, 12(1), 783796. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12150a
Tharikh, S. M., Ying, C. Y., Mohamed Saad, Z., & Sukumaran, K. a/p. (2016). Managing Job Attitudes: The Roles of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35(October 2015), 604611. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)00074-5
Tian, H., Iqbal, S., Akhtar, S., Qalati, S. A., Anwar, F., & Khan, M. A. S. (2020). The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Employee Retention: Mediation and Moderation Through Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Communication. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(March), 111. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00314
Tulung, J. M., Lapian, A., Rogahang, H., Wuwung, O., Siang, J. L., & Luma, S. (2020). The Influence of Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction on Teacher Organizational Citizenship Behavior ( OCB ) Junior High School Teachers in Paal Dua District Manado. Sys Rev Pharm 2020;11(12):2034-2040, 11(12), 20342040.
Tziner, A., & Sharoni, G. (2014). Organizational citizenship behavior, organizational justice, job stress, and workfamily conflict: Examination of their interrelationships with respondents from a non-Western culture. Revista de Psicologia Del Trabajo y de Las Organizaciones, 30(1), 3542. https://doi.org/10.5093/tr2014a5
Wahyu. (2020). Concept of Supervision of Learning Process in Increasing the Quality of Education Results in Madrasah. International Journal of Nusantara Islam, 8(1), 67. https://online210.psych.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/PSY-210_Unit_Materials/PSY-210_Unit01_Materials/Frost_Blog_2020.pdf%0Ahttps://www.economist.com/special-report/2020/02/06/china-is-making-substantial-investment-in-ports-and-pipelines-worldwide%0Ahttp://
Wang, D., Baker, M. A., Kim, Y. S., & Ma, E. (2021). From angels to demons: Uncovering the relationships between tipping, social dignity, OCB and incivility intentions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 98(June 2020), 103043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.103043
Yuliansyah, M., Wiyono, B. B., Herman, M., Degeng, I. N. S., & Suprianto, A. (2021). The Relationship of Emotional Intelligence and Profession of Teachers Attitude Obstacles with Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) Teachers at Madrasah Tsanawiyah in Banjarmasin. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 11(5), 679695. https://doi.org/10.48047/rigeo.11.05.65
Zada, M., Zada, S., Khan, J., Saeed, I., Zhang, Y. J., Vega-Muñoz, A., & Salazar-Sepúlveda, G. (2022). Does Servant Leadership Control Psychological Distress in Crisis? Moderation and Mediation Mechanism. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, Volume 15(March), 607622. https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s354093
Zeinabadi, H., & Salehi, K. (2011). Role of procedural justice, trust, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment in organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of teachers: Proposing a modified social exchange model. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29(Iceepsy), 14721481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.387
Zeinabadia, H. (2010). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) of teachers. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 9981003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.225
Zhang, L., Huang, G., Li, Y., & Bao, S. (2021). Quantitative research methods of linguistic niche and cultural sustainability. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(17), 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179586
DOI: 10.55215/pedagonal.v6i2.5612
Abstract views : 545
views : 418
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2022 Rais Hidayat, Yuyun Elizabeth Patras
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
